KNOWLEDGE OF GRAMMAR/SYNTAX IN LATIN

SUMMARY OF CASE USES:

Nominative
1. Subject of a verb
   Pueri currunt. The boys are running.
2. Subjective complement
   Caesar erat consul. Caesar was consul.
   Puer appellatur Marcus. The boy is called Marcus.
   Hi viri debent esse cives. These men ought to be citizens.

Vocative
1. For direct address
   Veni, Luci ad villam. Come to the farmhouse, Lucius.

Genitive
1. Of possession
   Matres puellarum adsunt. The girl's mothers are here.
2. Objective
   NOster timor belli est magnus. Our fear of the war is great.
3. Of the whole (Partitive)
   Pars urbis est pulchra. Part fo teh city is beautiful.
4. Of description and measure
   Est vir magnae auctoritatis. he is a man of great authority.
   Vidi turrim centum pedum. I saw a hundred-foot tower.

Dative
1. Of the indirect object
   Equitibus equos dat. He is giving horses to the horsemen.
2. Of reference
   Vobis hoc feci. I did this for you.
3. Of purpose
   Hae usui sunt ad bellum. These things are useful for war.
4. Double dative
   Tu curae mihi es. You are a worry to me.
5. With adjectives
   Utrum oppidum propio mari est? Which town is nearer to the sea.

Accusative
1. Of the direct object
   Exercitum video. I see an army.
2. Predicate Accusative
   Filium meum vocavi Lucium. I have called my son Lucius.
3. Of place to which
   Ad opidum veniunt. They are coming to the town.
4. Of extent of space
   Tria milia passuum cucurri. I ran three miles.
5. Of duration of time
   Duas horas mansit. He waited two hours.
6. Subject of an infinitive
   Coegit viros discedere. He forced the men to leave.
7. Of palce to which without a preposition
   Domum it. He goes home.
8. As adverb
   Vos multum amat. He loves you much.

Ablative
1. time			nocte
2. place		in Italia
3. means		gladio
4. ablative absolute	Monte capto
Showing separation
5. Of place from which without a preposition
   Rure venit. He comes from the country.
6. Of cause
   Timore fugit. He fled because of fear.
7. Of comparison
   Fortiorem marco numquam vidi. I never saw a braver man than Marcus.
Showing Instrument or Circumstances
4. Of description
   Murum magna altitudine adibat. He was approaching a wall of great height.